Up-to-date State of the Global Climate - Part 1

Greenhouse gases

Atmospheric concentrations of three key greenhouse gases i.e., CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O reached new records in 2024 and continue to rise in 2025.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂):

• The atmospheric concentration of CO₂ has increased from around 278 ppm in 1750 to 423.9 ppm in 2024 – a 53% rise.

• The average CO₂ growth rate over the past decade: 2.57 ppm/year.

• The year 2023–2024 saw a record increase in growth rate: 3.5 ppm/year

• Fossil fuel burning has been the main source of CO₂ emissions since the 1950s.

Methane (CH₄):

• Increased from 729 ppb in 1750 to 1,942 ppb in 2024.

• That’s a 166% increase since pre-industrial times.

Nitrous oxide (N₂O):

• Increased from 270 ppb in 1750 to 338 ppb in 2024.

• A total 25% rise in concentration.

[ppm = parts per million; ppb = parts per billion]

Image and Information Source

• World Meteorological Organization. (2025, October 28). State of the Climate Update for COP30. https://wmo.int/publication-series/state-of-climate-update-cop30